Daily Challenge, 13 November 2026
The ten questions set on 13 November 2026, from real judiciary papers. Pick an answer to see whether you were right and why, or open "Show the answer".
1. Court Fees and Suits Valuation
Consider the following statements under Section 15 of the Court-fees Act, 1870: 1. Where a review application is admitted and, on rehearing, the Court reverses its decision on the ground of a mistake in law or fact, the applicant is entitled to a refund certificate. 2. The applicant is entitled to the certificate even where the reversal is due partly to fresh evidence which might have been produced at the original hearing. 3. The refund is of so much of the fee paid on the review application as exceeds the fee payable on any other application to that Court under item No. 1, clause (b) or clause (d), of the second schedule. Which of the statements given above are correct?
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Answer: B. 1 and 3 onlySection 15 gives a refund certificate where the Court reverses or modifies its decision on review for mistake in law or fact, limited to the excess over the fee on an application under Schedule II, No. 1. Its last paragraph denies the certificate where the reversal is due wholly or in part to fresh evidence that might have been produced at the original hearing. Many States have their own court-fees legislation; this is the rule in the 1870 Act.
From: Court Fees and Suits Valuation Practice Set 1
2. General Knowledge
Match List I (Battle) with List II (Parties): List I A. First Battle of Panipat (1526) B. Second Battle of Panipat (1556) C. Third Battle of Panipat (1761) List II 1. Ahmad Shah Durrani and the Marathas 2. Babur and Ibrahim Lodi 3. Akbar's forces and Hemu
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Answer: C. A-2, B-3, C-1Babur defeated Ibrahim Lodi in 1526, Akbar's forces defeated Hemu in 1556, and Ahmad Shah Durrani defeated the Marathas in January 1761.
From: General Knowledge Practice Set 4
3. Legal Current Affairs
The batch of appeals decided by the nine-Judge Bench in State of Uttar Pradesh v. Jai Bir Singh on 20 August 2026 arose from the question whether a department of the State of Uttar Pradesh, created as a welfare-oriented initiative, is an 'industry'. Which department was it?
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Answer: A. The Social Forestry DepartmentThe opening paragraph of the lead opinion of Surya Kant, CJI frames the inquiry as whether the Social Forestry Department of the State, created as a welfare-oriented initiative aimed at environmental amelioration, falls within 'industry' under Section 2(j) of the Industrial Disputes Act, 1947.
From: Legal Current Affairs: August 2026
4. Environmental Law
Under Section 19 of the Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974, the State Government may restrict the application of the Act to water pollution, prevention and control areas declared by notification:
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Answer: B. after consultation with, or on the recommendation of, the State BoardSection 19(1) allows the State Government, after consultation with or on the recommendation of the State Board, to restrict the Act to declared areas; under Section 19(2) an area may be declared by reference to a map, the line of a watershed or the boundary of a district.
From: Environmental Law Practice Set 1
5. Legal Maxims & Jurisprudence
Which jurist is most closely associated with the "Command Theory" of law?
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Answer: B. John AustinJohn Austin, in The Province of Jurisprudence Determined (1832), defined law as a command of the sovereign backed by a sanction. H.L.A. Hart later criticised the command theory.
From: Legal Maxims & Jurisprudence Practice Set 1
6. Maharashtra Local Laws
Under Section 7(7) of the Maharashtra Rent Control Act, 1999, a 'paying guest' is a person, not being a member of the family, who is given on licence:
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Answer: C. A part of the premises in which the licensor himself residesSection 7(7) defines a paying guest as a person, not being a member of the family, who is given a part of the premises in which the licensor resides, on licence. A paying guest is excluded from the definition of 'licensee' in Section 7(5).
From: Maharashtra Local Laws Practice Set 1
7. Constitutional Law
How many Schedules does the Constitution of India currently have?
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Answer: C. 12The Constitution now has twelve Schedules; the Twelfth Schedule (municipalities) was added by the Constitution (74th Amendment) Act, 1992.
From: Constitutional Law Practice Set 2 — Judicial Review & Writs
8. Current Affairs
On 1 June 2026 the President appointed five Judges of the Supreme Court under Article 124(2) of the Constitution. Which of them was appointed from among senior advocates?
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Answer: C. Venkita Subramani MohanaSmt. Venkita Subramani Mohana was a Senior Advocate when appointed. Sheel Nagu, Sanjeev Sachdeva and Shree Chandrashekhar were then Chief Justices of the Punjab and Haryana, Madhya Pradesh and Bombay High Courts respectively.
From: Current Affairs Practice Set 1
9. Competition Law
Under the Explanation to Section 3(3) of the Competition Act, 2002, "bid rigging" means an agreement between enterprises or persons engaged in identical or similar production or trading which has the effect of:
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Answer: D. Eliminating or reducing competition for bids or adversely affecting or manipulating the process for biddingThe Explanation to Section 3(3) defines bid rigging as an agreement between such enterprises or persons which has the effect of eliminating or reducing competition for bids or adversely affecting or manipulating the process for bidding. Customer allocation without bidding falls under Section 3(3)(c), not the bid rigging definition.
From: Competition Law Practice Set 1
10. Legal Current Affairs
In Rutvij Bhagat Singh Wakhare v. State of Maharashtra (24 July 2026), the petitioner sought, under Article 32, the clubbing of several FIRs registered in different States alleging cyber fraud. The Supreme Court refused because:
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Answer: A. each FIR concerned a different victim and a distinct transaction, so they did not form one transactionSanjay Karol and Augustine George Masih, JJ. (2026 INSC 740) held that a similar modus operandi did not make separate frauds on different complainants one transaction; the FIRs disclosed distinct offences, and clubbing would burden the victims. Liberty was reserved to seek other remedies.
From: Legal Current Affairs: July 2026