Article 14: equality and arbitrariness
Classification, arbitrariness and how the equality test grew.
15 of the 71 judgments in our library on this topic: the ones other judgments here cite most, oldest first.
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25 May 1951 · 5 judges · cited by 2 judgments in this library
State of Bombay v. F.N. BalsaraThe Court upheld the Bombay Prohibition Act, 1949 as within provincial competence over intoxicating liquors, striking down only its bans on medicinal and toilet preparations containing alcohol, on 'commending' intoxicants and certain other severable provisions.
On this path for: Article 14, Constitution
10 February 1970 · 11 judges · cited by 4 judgments in this library
Rustom Cavasjee Cooper v. Union of IndiaThe majority struck down the Banking Companies (Acquisition and Transfer of Undertakings) Act, 1969, which nationalised 14 banks, for hostile discrimination, unreasonable restriction on business and failure to provide compensation under Article 31(2) on relevant principles.
On this path for: Article 14, Constitution
23 November 1973 · 5 judges · cited by 4 judgments in this library
E.P. Royappa v. State of Tamil NaduThe Court dismissed an IAS officer's challenge to his transfer from the post of Chief Secretary, Tamil Nadu; the three-judge opinion held that Articles 14 and 16 strike at arbitrariness, but arbitrariness and mala fides were not proved.
On this path for: Article 14, Constitution
7 November 1975 · 5 judges · cited by 2 judgments in this library
Indira Nehru Gandhi v. Raj NarainBy majority, clause (4) of Article 329A, which declared the Prime Minister's disputed election valid, was held unconstitutional; all five judges upheld the retrospective election law amendments, so her appeal succeeded and the High Court's judgment was set aside.
On this path for: Article 14, Constitution
25 January 1978 · 7 judges · cited by 17 judgments in this library
Maneka Gandhi v. Union of IndiaProcedure under Article 21 must be right, just and fair, not arbitrary; Articles 14, 19 and 21 are not mutually exclusive; a hearing is implied in Section 10(3)(c) of the Passports Act, which was held valid.
On this path for: Article 14, Constitution
30 August 1978 · 5 judges · cited by 3 judgments in this library
Sunil Batra v. Delhi AdministrationReading down Sections 30(2) and 56 of the Prisons Act, 1894, the Court held that a prisoner under sentence of death cannot be kept in solitary confinement and that bar fetters may be imposed only on recorded, individual safety grounds.
On this path for: Article 14, Constitution
9 May 1980 · 5 judges · cited by 4 judgments in this library
Bachan Singh v. State of PunjabBy 4:1, the Court upheld the death penalty for murder under Section 302 IPC and the sentencing procedure in Section 354(3) CrPC, holding that death may be imposed only in the rarest of rare cases.
On this path for: Article 14, Constitution
31 July 1980 · 5 judges · cited by 2 judgments in this library
Minerva Mills Ltd. v. Union of IndiaThe Court struck down Sections 4 and 55 of the Constitution (42nd Amendment) Act, 1976, holding that a limited amending power, judicial review and the balance between Fundamental Rights and Directive Principles are parts of the basic structure.
On this path for: Article 14, Constitution
18 September 1982 · 2 judges · cited by 2 judgments in this library
People's Union for Democratic Rights v. Union of IndiaIn a public interest petition on Asiad construction workers, the Court upheld the petitioners' standing, held the State bound as principal employer to enforce labour laws, and held that work below minimum wage is forced labour under Article 23.
On this path for: Article 14, Constitution
15 April 1993 · 2 judges · cited by 2 judgments in this library
Union of India v. Hindustan Development CorporationLegitimate expectation is not a legal right; it mainly entitles a person to fair consideration or a hearing and yields to overriding public interest and policy. The Railways' bona fide dual pricing of cast steel bogies was upheld with modifications.
On this path for: Article 14, Constitution
21 March 1996 · 5 judges · cited by 2 judgments in this library
Gian Kaur v. State of PunjabA Constitution Bench held that Article 21 does not include a 'right to die', overruled P. Rathinam, and upheld the constitutional validity of Sections 306 and 309 of the Indian Penal Code.
On this path for: Article 14, Constitution
13 August 1997 · 3 judges · cited by 3 judgments in this library
Vishaka v. State of RajasthanIn the absence of legislation, the Court laid down binding guidelines and norms to prevent sexual harassment of women at all work places, reading international conventions such as CEDAW into Articles 14, 15, 19(1)(g) and 21.
On this path for: Article 14, Constitution
18 December 1997 · 3 judges · cited by 2 judgments in this library
Vineet Narain v. Union of IndiaThe Court struck down Directive No. 4.7(3) of the Single Directive, which required prior sanction before the CBI inquired into senior officers, and issued binding directions under Articles 32 and 142 to insulate investigating agencies.
On this path for: Article 14, Constitution
22 August 2017 · 5 judges · cited by 3 judgments in this library
Shayara Bano v. Union of IndiaBy a majority of 3:2 the Supreme Court set aside the practice of talaq-e-biddat (instant triple talaq), the majority judges resting on different grounds: manifest arbitrariness under Article 14, and inconsistency with the Quran and Shariat.
On this path for: Article 14, Constitution
25 January 2019 · 2 judges · cited by 2 judgments in this library
Swiss Ribbons Pvt. Ltd. v. Union of IndiaThe Court upheld the constitutional validity of the challenged provisions of the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016, including the financial and operational creditor distinction and Sections 12A, 29A and 53, and directed Circuit Benches of the NCLAT.
On this path for: Article 14, Constitution
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