Old section to new section

Type an IPC, CrPC or Evidence Act section to see where it now sits in the BNS, BNSS or BSA, or go the other way. Every number links to the bare text in our Bare Acts library, so you can read both before you rely on one.

Most looked-up sections

Full correspondence tables

Every old section with its new place, in section order.

IPC to BNS · 575 sections

IPC	Heading	BNS
1	Title and extent of operation of the Code	1(1)
2	Punishment of offences committed within India	1(3)
3	Punishment of offences committed beyond, but which by law may be tried within, India	1(4)
4	Extension of Code to extra-territorial offences	1(5)
5	Certain laws not to be affected by this Act	1(6)
6	Definitions in the Code to be understood subject to exceptions	3(1)
7	Sense of expression once explained	3(2)
8	Gender	2(10)
9	Number	2(22)
10	“Man”.“Woman”	2(19), 2(35)
11	“Person”	2(26)
12	“Public”	2(27)
13	Definition of “Queen”	Omitted before repeal
14	“Servant of Government”	Not carried into the new law
15	Definition of “British India”	Omitted before repeal
16	Definition of “Government of India”	Repealed before 2023, by the Government of India (Adaptation of Indian Laws) Order, 1937 ("A. O. 1937")
17	“Government”	2(12)
18	“India”	Not carried into the new law
19	“Judge”	2(16)
20	“Court of Justice”	2(5)
21	“Public servant”	2(28)
22	“Movable property”	2(21)
23	“Wrongful gain”	2(36), 2(37), 2(38)
24	“Dishonestly”	2(7)
25	“Fraudulently”	2(9)
26	“Reason to believe”	2(29)
27	“Property in possession of wife, clerk or servant”	3(3)
28	“Counterfeit”	2(4)
29	“Document”	2(8)
29A	“Electronic record”	Not carried into the new law
30	“Valuable security”	2(31)
31	“A will”	2(34)
32	Words referring to acts include illegal omissions	3(4)
33	“Act”. “Omission”	2(1), 2(25)
34	Acts done by several persons in furtherance of common intention	3(5)
35	When such an act is criminal by reason of its being done with a criminal knowledge or intention	3(6)
36	Effect caused partly by act and partly by omission	3(7)
37	Co-operation by doing one of several acts constituting an offence	3(8)
38	Persons concerned in criminal act may be guilty of different offences	3(9)
39	“Voluntarily”	2(33)
40	“Offence”	2(24)
41	“Special law”	2(30)
42	“Local law”	2(18)
43	“Illegal”. “Legally bound to do”	2(15)
44	“Injury”	2(14)
45	“Life”	2(17)
46	“Death”	2(6)
47	“Animal”	2(2)
48	“Vessel”	2(32)
49	“Year”. “Month”	2(20)
50	“Section”	Not carried into the new law
51	“Oath”	2(23)
52	“Good faith”	2(11)
52A	“Harbour”	2(13)
53	Punishments	4
53A	Construction of reference to transportation	Not carried into the new law
54	Commutation of sentence of death	5(a)
55	Commutation of sentence of imprisonment for life	5(b)
55A	Definition of “appropriate Government”	5
56	Sentence of Europeans and Americans to penal servitude. Proviso as to sentence for term exceeding ten years but not for life	Omitted before repeal
57	Fractions of terms of punishment	6
58	Offenders sentenced to transportation how dealt with until transported	Omitted before repeal
59	Transportation instead of imprisonment	Omitted before repeal
60	Sentence may be (in certain cases of imprisonment) wholly or partly rigorous or simple	7
61	Sentence of forfeiture of property	Omitted before repeal
62	Forfeiture of property, in respect of offenders punishable with death, transportation or imprisonment	Omitted before repeal
63	Amount of fine	8(1)
64	Sentence of imprisonment for non-payment of fine	8(2)
65	Limit to imprisonment for non-payment of fine, when imprisonment and fine awardable	8(3)
66	Description of imprisonment for non-payment of fine	8(4)
67	Imprisonment for non-payment of fine, when offence punishable with fine only	8(5)
68	Imprisonment to terminate on payment of fine	8(6)(a)
69	Termination of imprisonment on payment of proportional part of fine	8(6)(b)
70	Fine leviable within six years, or during imprisonment. Death not to discharge property from liability	8(7)
71	Limit of punishment of offence made up of several offences	9
72	Punishment of person guilty of one of several offences, the judgment stating that it is doubtful of which	10
73	Solitary confinement	11
74	Limit of solitary confinement	12
75	Enhanced punishment for certain offences under Chapter XII or Chapter XVII after previous conviction	13
76	Act done by a person bound, or by mistake of fact believing himself bound, by law	14
77	Act of Judge when acting judicially	15
78	Act done pursuant to the judgment or order of Court	16
79	Act done by a person justified, or by mistake of fact believing himself justified, by law	17
80	Accident in doing a lawful act	18
81	Act likely to cause harm, but done without criminal intent, and to prevent other harm	19
82	Act of a child under seven years of age	20
83	Act of a child above seven and under twelve of immature understanding	21
84	Act of a person of unsound mind	22
85	Act of a person incapable of judgment by reason of intoxication caused against his will	23
86	Offence requiring a particular intent or knowledge committed by one who is intoxicated	24
87	Act not intended and not known to be likely to cause death or grievous hurt, done by consent	25
88	Act not intended to cause death, done by consent in good faith for person's benefit	26
89	Act done in good faith for benefit of child or insane person, by or by consent of guardian	27
90	Consent known to be given under fear or misconception	28
91	Exclusion of acts which are offences independently of harm cause	29
92	Act done in good faith for benefit of a person without consent	30
93	Communication made in good faith	31
94	Act to which a person is compelled by threats	32
95	Act causing slight harm	33
96	Things done in private defence	34
97	Right of private defence of the body and of property	35
98	Right of private defence against the act of a person of unsound mind, etc	36
99	Acts against which there is no right of private defence	37
100	When the right of private defence of the body extends to causing death	38
101	When such right extends to causing any harm other than death	39
102	Commencement and continuance of the right of private defence of the body	40
103	When the right of private defence of property extends to causing death	41
104	When such right extends to causing any harm other than death	42
105	Commencement and continuance of the right of private defence of property	43
106	Right of private defence against deadly assault when there is risk of harm to innocent person	44
107	Abetment of a thing	45
108	Abettor	46
108A	Abetment in India of offences outside India	47
109	Punishment of abetment if the act abetted is committed in consequence and where no express provision is made for its punishment	49
110	Punishment of abetment if person abetted does act with different intention from that of abettor	50
111	Liability of abettor when one act abetted and different act done	51
112	Abettor when liable to cumulative punishment for act abetted and for act done	52
113	Liability of abettor for an effect caused by the act abetted different from that intended by the abettor	53
114	Abettor present when offence is committed	54
115	Abetment of offence punishable with death or imprisonment for life	55
116	Abetment of offence punishable with imprisonment	56
117	Abetting commission of offence by the public or by more than ten persons	57
118	Concealing design to commit offence punishable with death or imprisonment for life	58
119	Public servant concealing design to commit offence which it is his duty to prevent	59
120	Concealing design to commit offence punishable with imprisonment	60
120A	Definition of criminal conspiracy	61(1)
120B	Punishment of criminal conspiracy	61(2)
121	Waging or attempting to wage war or abetting waging of war against the Government of India	147
121A	Conspiracy to commit offences punishable by section 121	148
122	Collecting arms, etc., with intention of waging war against the Government of India	149
123	Concealing with intent to facilitate design to wage war	150
124	Assaulting President, Governor, etc., with intent to compel or restrain the exercise of any lawful power	151
124A	Sedition	Not carried into the new law
125	Waging war against any Asiatic Power in alliance with the Government of India	153
126	Committing depredation on territories of Power at peace with the Government of India	154
127	Receiving property taken by war or depredation mentioned in sections 125 and 126	155
128	Public servant voluntarily allowing prisoner of State or war to escape	156
129	Public servant negligently suffering such prisoner to escape	157
130	Aiding escape of, rescuing or harbouring such prisoner	158
131	Abetting mutiny, or attempting to seduce a soldier, sailor or airman from his duty	159
132	Abetment of mutiny, if mutiny is committed in consequence thereof	160
133	Abetment of assault by soldier, sailor or airman on his superior officer, when in execution of his office	161
134	Abetment of such assault, if the assault is committed	162
135	Abetment of desertion of soldier, sailor or airman	163
136	Harbouring deserter	164
137	Deserter concealed on board merchant vessel through negligence of master	165
138	Abetment of act of insubordination by soldier, sailor or airman	166
138A	Application of foregoing sections to the Indian Marine Service	Omitted before repeal
139	Persons subject to certain Acts	167
140	Wearing garb or carrying token used by soldier, sailor or airman	168
141	Unlawful assembly	189
142	Being member of unlawful assembly	189(2)
143	Punishment	189(2)
144	Joining unlawful assembly armed with deadly weapon	189(4)
145	Joining or continuing in unlawful assembly, knowing it has been commanded to disperse	189(3)
146	Rioting	191
147	Punishment for rioting	191(2)
148	Rioting, armed with deadly weapon	191(3)
149	Every member of unlawful assembly guilty of offence committed in prosecution of common object	190
150	Hiring, or conniving at hiring, of persons to join unlawful assembly	189(6)
151	Knowingly joining or continuing in assembly of five or more persons after it has been commanded to disperse	189(5)
152	Assaulting or obstructing public servant when suppressing riot, etc	195
153	Wantonly giving provocation with intent to cause riot	192
153A	Promoting enmity between different groups on grounds of religion, race, place of birth, residence, language, etc., and doing acts prejudicial to maintenance of harmony	196
153AA	Punishment for knowingly carrying arms in any procession or organising, or holding or taking part in any mass drill or mass training with arms	Not carried into the new law
153B	Imputations, assertions prejudicial to national integration	197
154	Owner or occupier of land on which an unlawful assembly is held	193(1)
155	Liability of person for whose benefit riot is committed	193(2)
156	Liability of agent of owner or occupier for whose benefit riot is committed	193(3)
157	Harbouring persons hired for an unlawful assembly	189(7)
158	Being hired to take part in an unlawful assembly or riot	189(8), 189(9)
159	Affray	194
160	Punishment for committing affray	194(2)
161	Public servant taking gratification other than legal remuneration in respect of an official act	Repealed before 2023, by the Prevention of Corruption Act, 1988 (49 of 1988), s. 31
162	Taking gratification, in order, by corrupt or illegal means, to influence public servant	Omitted before repeal
163	Taking gratification, for the exercise personal influence with public servant	Omitted before repeal
164	Punishment for abetment by public servant of offences defined in sections 162 or 163	Omitted before repeal
165	Public servant obtaining valuable thing, without consideration, from person concerned in proceeding or business transacted by such public servant	Omitted before repeal
165A	Punishment for abetment of offences defined in section 161 or section 165	Omitted before repeal
166	Public servant disobeying law, with intent to cause injury to any person	198
166A	Public servant disobeying direction under law	199
166B	Punishment for non-treatment of victim	200
167	Public servant framing an incorrect document with intent to cause injury	201
168	Public servant unlawfully engaging in trade	202
169	Public servant unlawfully buying or bidding for property	203
170	Personating a public servant	204
171	Wearing garb or carrying token used by public servant with fraudulent intent	177, 205
171A	“Candidate”, “Electoral right” defined	169
171B	Bribery	170
171C	Undue influence at elections	171
171D	Personation at elections	172
171E	Punishment for bribery	173
171F	Punishment for undue influence or personation at an election	174
171G	False statement in connection with an election	175
171H	Illegal payments in connection with an election	176
171I	Failure to keep election accounts	177
172	Absconding to avoid service of summons or other proceeding	206
173	Preventing service of summons or other proceeding, or preventing publication thereof	207
174	Non-attendance in obedience to an order from public servant	208
174A	Non-appearance in response to a proclamation under section 82 of Act 2 of 1974	209
175	Omission to produce document to public servant by person legally bound to produce it	210
176	Omission to give notice or information to public servant by person legally bound to give it	211
177	Furnishing false information	212
178	Refusing oath or affirmation when duly required by public servant to make it	213
179	Refusing to answer public servant authorised to question	214
180	Refusing to sign statement	215
181	False statement on oath or affirmation to public servant or person authorised to administer an oath or affirmation	216
182	False information, with intent to cause public servant to use his lawful power to the injury of another person	217
183	Resistance to the taking of property by the lawful authority of a public servant	218
184	Obstructing sale of property offered for sale by authority of public servant	219
185	Illegal purchase or bid for property offered for sale by authority of public servant	220
186	Obstructing public servant in discharge of public functions	221
187	Omission to assist public servant when bound by law to give assistance	222
188	Disobedience to order duly promulgated by public servant	223
189	Threat of injury to public servant	224
190	Threat of injury to induce person to refrain from applying for protection to public servant	225
191	Giving false evidence	227
192	Fabricating false evidence	228
193	Punishment for false evidence	229
194	Giving or fabricating false evidence with intent to procure conviction of capital offence	230
195	Giving or fabricating false evidence with intent to procure conviction of offence punishable with imprisonment for life or imprisonment	231
195A	Threatening any person to give false evidence	232
196	Using evidence known to be false	233
197	Issuing or signing false certificate	234
198	Using as true a certificate known to be false	235
199	False statement made in declaration which is by law receivable as evidence	236
200	Using as true such declaration knowing it to be false	237
201	Causing disappearance of evidence of offence, or giving false information to screen offender	238
202	Intentional omission to give information of offence by person bound to inform	239
203	Giving false information respecting an offence committed	240
204	Destruction of document to prevent its production as evidence	241
205	False personation for purpose of act or proceeding in suit or prosecution	242
206	Fraudulent removal or concealment of property to prevent its seizure as forfeited or in execution	243
207	Fraudulent claim to property to prevent its seizure as forfeited or in execution	244
208	Fraudulently suffering decree for sum not due	245
209	Dishonesty making false claim in Court	246
210	Fraudulently obtaining decree for sum not due	247
211	False charge of offence made with intent to injure	248
212	Harbouring offender	249
213	Taking gift, etc., to screen an offender from punishment	250
214	Offering gift or restoration of property in consideration of screening offender	251
215	Taking gift to help to recover stolen property, etc	252
216	Harbouring offender who has escaped from custody or whose apprehension has been ordered	253
216A	Penalty for harbouring robbers or dacoits	254
216B	Definition of “harbour” in sections 212, 216 and 216A	Omitted before repeal
217	Public servant disobeying direction of law with intent to save person from punishment or property from forfeiture	255
218	Public servant framing incorrect record or writing with intent to save person from punishment or property from forfeiture	256
219	Public servant in judicial proceeding corruptly making report, etc., contrary to law	257
220	Commitment for trial or confinement by person having authority who knows that he is acting contrary to law	258
221	Intentional omission to apprehend on the part of public servant bound to apprehend	259
222	Intentional omission to apprehend on the part of public servant bound to apprehend person under sentence or lawfully committed	260
223	Escape from confinement or custody negligently suffered by public servant	261
224	Resistance or obstruction by a person to his lawful apprehension	262
225	Resistance or obstruction to lawful apprehension of another person	263
225A	Omission to apprehend, or sufferance of escape, on part of public servant, in cases not otherwise, provided for	264
225B	Resistance or obstruction to lawful apprehension, or escape or rescue in cases not otherwise provided for	265
226	Unlawful return from transportation	Omitted before repeal
227	Violation of condition of remission of punishment	266
228	Intentional insult or interruption to public servant sitting in judicial proceeding	267
228A	Disclosure of identity of the victim of certain offences, etc	72, 73
229	Personation of a juror or assessor	268
229A	Failure by person released on bail or bond to appear in court	269
230	“Coin” defined	178(2)
231	Counterfeiting coin	178
232	Counterfeiting Indian coin	178
233	Making or selling instrument for counterfeiting coin	181
234	Making or selling instrument for counterfeiting Indian coin	181
235	Possession of instrument or material for the purpose of using the same for counterfeiting coin	181
236	Abetting in India the counterfeiting out of India of coin	Not carried into the new law
237	Import or export of counterfeit coin	179
238	Import or export of counterfeits of the Indian coin	179
239	Delivery of coin, possessed with knowledge that it is counterfeit	179
240	Delivery of Indian coin, possessed with knowledge that it is counterfeit	179
241	Delivery of coin as genuine, which, when first possessed, the deliverer did not know to be counterfeit	179
242	Possession of counterfeit coin by person who knew it to be counterfeit when he became possessed thereof	180
243	Possession of Indian coin by person who knew it to be counterfeit when he became possessed thereof	180
244	Person employed in mint causing coin to be of different weight or composition from that fixed by law	187
245	Unlawfully taking coining instrument from mint	188
246	Fraudulently or dishonestly diminishing weight or altering composition of coin	178
247	Fraudulently or dishonestly diminishing weight or altering composition of Indian coin	178
248	Altering appearance of coin with intent that it shall pass as coin of different description	178
249	Altering appearance of Indian coin with intent that it shall pass as coin of different description	178
250	Delivery of coin, possessed with knowledge that it is altered	179
251	Delivery of Indian coin, possessed with knowledge that it is altered	179
252	Possession of coin by person who knew it to be altered when he became possessed thereof	180
253	Possession of Indian coin by person who knew it to be altered when he became possessed thereof	180
254	Delivery of coin as genuine, which, when first possessed, the deliverer did not know to be altered	179
255	Counterfeiting Government stamp	178
256	Having possession of instrument or material for counterfeiting Government stamp	181
257	Making or selling instrument for counterfeiting Government stamp	181
258	Sale of counterfeit Government stamp	179
259	Having possession of counterfeit Government stamp	180
260	Using as genuine a Government stamp known to be counterfeit	179
261	Effacing writing from substance bearing Government stamp, or removing from document a stamp used for it, with intent to cause loss to Government	183
262	Using Government stamp known to have been before used	184
263	Erasure of mark denoting that stamp has been used	185
263A	Prohibition of fictitious stamps	186
264	Fraudulent use of false instrument for weighing	Not carried into the new law
265	Fraudulent use of false weight or measure	Not carried into the new law
266	Being in possession of false weight or measure	Not carried into the new law
267	Making or selling false weight or measure	Not carried into the new law
268	Public nuisance	270
269	Negligent act likely to spread infection of disease dangerous to life	271
270	Malignant act likely to spread infection of disease dangerous to life	272
271	Disobedience to quarantine rule	273
272	Adulteration of food or drink intended for sale	274
273	Sale of noxious food or drink	275
274	Adulteration of drugs	276
275	Sale of adulterated drugs	277
276	Sale of drug as a different drug or preparation	278
277	Fouling water of public spring or reservoir	279
278	Making atmosphere noxious to health	280
279	Rash driving or riding on a public way	281
280	Rash navigation of vessel	282
281	Exhibition of false light, mark or buoy	283
282	Conveying person by water for hire in unsafe or overloaded vessel	284
283	Danger or obstruction in public way or line of navigation	285
284	Negligent conduct with respect to poisonous substance	286
285	Negligent conduct with respect to fire or combustible matter	287
286	Negligent conduct with respect to explosive substance	288
287	Negligent conduct with respect to machinery	289
288	Negligent conduct with respect to pulling down or repairing buildings	290
289	Negligent conduct with respect to animal	291
290	Punishment for public nuisance in cases not otherwise provided for	292
291	Continuance of nuisance after injunction to discontinue	293
292	Sale, etc., of obscene books, etc	294
293	Sale, etc., of obscene objects to young person	295
294	Obscene acts and songs	296
294A	Keeping lottery office	297
295	Injuring or defiling place of worship, with intent to insult the religion of any class	298
295A	Deliberate and malicious acts, intended to outrage religious feelings of any class by insulting its religion or religious beliefs	299
296	Disturbing religious assembly	300
297	Trespassing on burial places, etc	301
298	Uttering words, etc., with deliberate intent to wound religious feelings	302
299	Culpable homicide	100
300	Murder	101
301	Culpable homicide by causing death of person other than person whose death was intended	102
302	Punishment for murder	103
303	Punishment for murder by life-convict	104
304	Punishment for culpable homicide not amounting to murder	105
304A	Causing death by negligence	106
304B	Dowry death	80
305	Abetment of suicide of child or insane person	107
306	Abetment of suicide	108
307	Attempt to murder	109
308	Attempt to commit culpable homicide	110
309	Attempt to commit suicide	Not carried into the new law
310	Thug	Not carried into the new law
311	Punishment	Not carried into the new law
312	Causing miscarraige	88
313	Causing miscarriage without woman's consent	89
314	Death caused by act done with intent to cause miscarriage	90
315	Act done with intent to prevent child being born alive or to cause it to die after birth	91
316	Causing death of quick unborn child by act amounting to culpable homicide	92
317	Exposure and abandonment of child under twelve years, by parent or person having care of it	93
318	Concealment of birth by secret disposal of dead body	94
319	Hurt	114
320	Grievous hurt	116
321	Voluntarily causing hurt	115(1)
322	Voluntarily causing grievous hurt	117(1)
323	Punishment for voluntarily causing hurt	115(2)
324	Voluntarily causing hurt by dangerous weapons or means	118(1)
325	Punishment for voluntarily causing grievous hurt	117(2)
326	Voluntarily causing grievous hurt by dangerous weapons or means	118(2)
326A	Voluntarily causing grievous hurt by use of acid, etc	124(1)
326B	Voluntarily throwing or attempting to throw acid	124(2)
327	Voluntarily causing hurt to extort property, or to constrain to an illegal to an act	119(1)
328	Causing hurt by means of poison, etc., with intent to commit and offence	123
329	Voluntarily causing grievous hurt to extort property, or to constrain to an illegal act	119(2)
330	Voluntarily causing hurt to extort confession, or to compel restoration of property	120(1)
331	Voluntarily causing grievous hurt to extort confession, or to compel restoration of property	120(2)
332	Voluntarily causing hurt to deter public servant from his duty	121(1)
333	Voluntarily causing grievous hurt to deter public servant from his duty	121(2)
334	Voluntarily causing hurt on provocation	122(1)
335	Voluntarily causing grievous hurt on provocation	122(2)
336	Act endangering life or personal safety of others	125
337	Causing hurt by act endangering life or personal safety of others	125(a)
338	Causing grievous hurt by act endangering life or personal safety of others	125(b)
339	Wrongful restraint	126(1)
340	Wrongful confinement	127(1)
341	Punishment for wrongful restraint	126(2)
342	Punishment for wrongful confinement	127(2)
343	Wrongful confinement for three or more days	127(3)
344	Wrongful confinement for ten or more days	127(4)
345	Wrongful confinement of person for whose liberation writ has been issued	127(5)
346	Wrongful confinement in secret	127(6)
347	Wrongful confinement to extort property, or constrain to illegal act	127(7)
348	Wrongful confinement to extort confession, or compel restoration of property	127(8)
349	Force	128
350	Criminal force	129
351	Assault	130
352	Punishment for assault or criminal force otherwise than on grave provocation	131
353	Assault or criminal force to deter public servant from discharge of his duty	132
354	Assault or criminal force to woman with intent to outrage her modesty	74
354A	Sexual harassment and punishment for sexual harassment	75
354B	Assault or use of criminal force to woman with intent to disrobe	76
354C	Voyeurism	77
354D	Stalking	78
355	Assault or criminal force with intent to dishonour person, otherwise than on grave provocation	133
356	Assault or criminal force in attempt to commit theft of property carried by a person	134
357	Assault or criminal force in attempt wrongfully to confine a person	135
358	Assault or criminal force on grave provocation	136
359	Kidnapping	137(1)
360	Kidnapping from India	137(1)(a)
361	Kidnapping from lawful guardianship	137(1)(b)
362	Abduction	138
363	Punishment for kidnapping	137(2)
363A	Kidnapping or maiming a minor for purposes of begging	139
364	Kidnapping or abducting in order to murder	140(1)
364A	Kidnapping for ransom, etc	140(2)
365	Kidnapping or abducting with intent secretly and wrongfully to confine person	140(3)
366	Kidnapping, abducting or inducing woman to compel her marriage, etc	87
366A	Procuration of minor girl	96
366B	Importation of girl from foreign country	141
367	Kidnapping or abducting in order to subject person to grievous hurt, slavery, etc	140(4)
368	Wrongfully concealing or keeping in confinement, kidnapped or abducted person	142
369	Kidnapping or abducting child under ten years with intent to steal from its person	97
370	Trafficking of person	143
370A	Exploitation of a trafficked person	144
371	Habitual dealing in slaves	145
372	Selling minor for purposes of prostitution, etc	98
373	Buying minor for purposes of prostitution, etc	99
374	Unlawful compulsory labour	146
375	Rape	63
376	Punishment for rape	64, 65(1)
376A	Punishment for causing death or resulting in persistent vegetative state of victim	66
376AB	Punishment for rape on woman under twelve years of age	65(2)
376B	Sexual intercourse by husband upon his wife during separation	67
376C	Sexual intercourse by a person in authority	68
376D	Gang rape	70(1)
376DA	Punishment for gang rape on woman under sixteen years of age	70(2)
376DB	Punishment for gang rape on woman under twelve years of age	70(2)
376E	Punishment for repeat offenders	71
377	Unnatural offences	Not carried into the new law
378	Theft	303
379	Punishment for theft	303(2)
380	Theft in dwelling house, etc	305
381	Theft by clerk or servant of property in possession of master	306
382	Theft after preparation made for causing death, hurt or restraint in order to the committing of the theft	307
383	Extortion	308
384	Punishment for extortion	308(2)
385	Putting person in fear of injury in order to commit extortion	308(3)
386	Extortion by putting a person in fear of death or grievous hurt	308(5)
387	Putting person in fear of death or of grievous hurt, in order to commit extortion	308(4)
388	Extortion by threat of accusation of an offence punishable with death or imprisonment for life, etc	308(7)
389	Putting person in fear or accusation of offence, in order to commit extortion	308(6)
390	Robbery	309
391	Dacoity	310
392	Punishment for robbery	309(4)
393	Attempt to commit robbery	309(5)
394	Voluntarily causing hurt in committing robbery	309(6)
395	Punishment for dacoity	310(2)
396	Dacoity with murder	310(3)
397	Robbery, or dacoity, with attempt to cause death or grievous hurt	311
398	Attempt to commit robbery or dacoity when armed with deadly weapon	312
399	Making preparation to commit dacoity	310(4)
400	Punishment for belonging to gang of dacoits	310(6)
401	Punishment for belonging to gang of thieves	313
402	Assembling for purpose of committing dacoity	310(5)
403	Dishonest misappropriation of property	314
404	Dishonest misappropriation of property possessed by deceased person at the time of his death	315
405	Criminal breach of trust	316
406	Punishment for criminal breach of trust	316(2)
407	Criminal breach of trust by carrier, etc	316(3)
408	Criminal breach of trust by clerk or servant	316(4)
409	Criminal breach of trust by public servant, or by banker, merchant or agent	316(5)
410	Stolen property	317
411	Dishonestly receiving stolen property	317(2)
412	Dishonestly receiving property stolen in the commission of a dacoity	317(3)
413	Habitually dealing in stolen property	317(4)
414	Assisting in concealment of stolen property	317(5)
415	Cheating	318
416	Cheating by personation	319(1)
417	Punishment for cheating	318(2)
418	Cheating with knowledge that wrongful loss may ensue to person whose interest offender is bound to protect	318(3)
419	Punishment for cheating by personation	319(2)
420	Cheating and dishonestly inducing delivery of property	318(4)
421	Dishonest or fraudulent removal or concealment of property to prevent distribution among creditors	320
422	Dishonestly or fraudulently preventing debt being available for creditors	321
423	Dishonest or fraudulent execution of deed of transfer containing false statement of consideration	322
424	Dishonest or fraudulent removal or concealment of property	323
425	Mischief	324
426	Punishment for mischief	324(2)
427	Mischief causing damage to the amount of fifty rupees	324(4)
428	Mischief by killing or maiming animal of the value of ten rupees	325
429	Mischief by killing or maiming cattle, etc., of any value or any animal of the value of fifty rupees	325
430	Mischief by injury to works of irrigation or by wrongfully diverting water	326
431	Mischief by injury to public road, bridge, river or channel	326(b)
432	Mischief by causing inundation or obstruction to public drainage attended with damage	326(c)
433	Mischief by destroying, moving or rendering less useful a light-house or sea-mark	326(d)
434	Mischief by destroying or moving, etc., a land-mark fixed by public authority	326(e)
435	Mischief by fire or explosive substance with intent to cause damage to amount of one hundred or (in case of agricultural produce) ten rupees	326(f)
436	Mischief by fire or explosive substance with intent to destroy house, etc	326(g)
437	Mischief with intent to destroy or make unsafe a decked vessel or one of twenty tons burden	327
438	Punishment for the mischief described in section 437 committed by fire or explosive substance	327(2)
439	Punishment for intentionally running vessel aground or ashore with intent to commit theft, etc	328
440	Mischief committed after preparation made for causing death or hurt	324(6)
441	Criminal trespass	329
442	House-trespass	329(2)
443	Lurking house-trespass	330(1)
444	Lurking house-trespass by night	Not carried into the new law
445	House-breaking	330(2)
446	House-breaking by night	Not carried into the new law
447	Punishment for criminal trespass	329(3)
448	Punishment for house-trespass	329(4)
449	House-trespass in order to commit offence punishable with death	332
450	House-trespass in order to commit offence punishable with imprisonment for life	332(b)
451	House-trespass in order to commit offence punishable with imprisonment	332(c)
452	House-trespass alter preparation for hurt, assault or wrongful restraint	333
453	Punishment for lurking house-trespass or house-breaking	331
454	Lurking house-trespass or house-breaking in order to commit offence punishable with imprisonment	331(3)
455	Lurking house-trespass or house-breaking after preparation for hurt, assault or wrongful restraint	331(5)
456	Punishment for lurking house-trespass or house-breaking by night	331(2)
457	Lurking house-trespass or house-breaking by night in order to commit offence punishable with imprisonment	331(4)
458	Lurking house-trespass or house-breaking by night after preparation for hurt, assault, or wrongful restraint	331(6)
459	Grievous hurt caused whilst committing lurking house-trespass or house-breaking	331(7)
460	All persons jointly concerned in lurking house-trespass or house-breaking by night punishable where death or grievous hurt caused by one of them	331(8)
461	Dishonestly breaking open receptacle containing property	334(1)
462	Punishment for same offence when committed by person entrusted with custody	334(2)
463	Forgery	336
464	Making a false document	335
465	Punishment for forgery	336(2)
466	Forgery of record of Court or of public register, etc	337
467	Forgery of valuable security, will, etc	338
468	Forgery for purpose of cheating	336(3)
469	Forgery for purpose of harming reputation	336(4)
470	Forged document	340
471	Using as genuine a forged document or electronic record	340(2)
472	Making or possessing counterfeit seal, etc., with intent to commit forgery punishable under section 467	341
473	Making or possessing counterfeit seal, etc., with intent to commit forgery punishable otherwise	341(2)
474	Having possession of document described in section 466 or 467, knowing it to be forged and intending to use it genuine	339
475	Counterfeiting device or mark used for authenticating documents described in section 467, or possessing counterfeit marked material	342(1)
476	Counterfeiting device or mark used for authenticating documents other than those described in section 467, or possessing counterfeit marked material	342(2)
477	Fraudulent cancellation, destruction, etc., of will, authority to adopt, or valuable security	343
477A	Falsification of accounts	344
478	Trade Mark	Omitted before repeal
479	Property mark	345
480	Using a false trade mark	Omitted before repeal
481	Using a false property mark	345(2)
482	Punishment for using a false property mark	345(3)
483	Counterfeiting a property mark used by another	347
484	Counterfeiting a mark used by a public servant	347(2)
485	Making or possession of any instrument for counterfeiting a property mark	348
486	Selling goods marked with a counterfeit property mark	349
487	Making a false mark upon any receptacle containing goods	350
488	Punishment for making use of any such false mark	350(2)
489	Tampering with property mark with intent to cause injury	346
489A	Counterfeiting currency-notes or bank-notes	178
489B	Using as genuine, forged or counterfeit currency-notes or bank-notes	179
489C	Possession of forged or counterfeit currency-notes or bank-notes	180
489D	Making or possessing instruments or materials for forging or counterfeiting currency notes or bank-notes	181
489E	Making or using documents resembling currency-notes or bank-notes	182
490	Breach of contract of service during voyage or journey	Omitted before repeal
491	Breach of contract to attend on and supply wants of helpless person	357
492	Breach of contract to serve at distant place to which servant is conveyed at master's expense	Omitted before repeal
493	Cohabitation caused by a man deceitfully inducing a belief of lawful marriage	81
494	Marrying again during lifetime of husband or wife	82(1)
495	Same offence with concealment of former marriage from person with whom subsequent marriage is contracted	82(2)
496	Marriage ceremony fraudulently gone through without lawful marriage	83
497	Adultery	Not carried into the new law
498	Enticing or taking away or detaining with criminal intent a married woman	84
498A	Husband or relative of husband of a woman subjecting her to cruelty	85, 86
499	Defamation	356
500	Punishment for defamation	356(2)
501	Printing or engraving matter known to be defamatory	356(3)
502	Sale of printed or engraved substance containing defamatory matter	356(4)
503	Criminal intimidation	351
504	Intentional insult with intent to provoke breach of the peace	352
505	Statements conducing to public mischief	353
506	Punishment for criminal intimidation	351(2), 351(3)
507	Criminal intimidation by an anonymous communication	351(4)
508	Act caused by inducing person to believe that he will be rendered an object of the Divine displeasure	354
509	Word, gesture or act intended to insult the modesty of a woman	79
510	Misconduct in public by a drunken person	355
511	Punishment for attempting to commit offences punishable with imprisonment for life or other imprisonment	62

CrPC to BNSS · 534 sections

CrPC	Heading	BNSS
1	Short title, extent and commencement	1
2	Definitions	2
3	Construction of references	3
4	Trial of offences under the Indian Penal Code and other laws	4
5	Saving	5
6	Classes of Criminal Courts	6
7	Territorial divisions	7
8	Metropolitan areas	Not carried into the new law
9	Court of Session	8
10	Subordination of Assistant Sessions Judges	Not carried into the new law
11	Courts of Judicial Magistrates	9
12	Chief Judicial Magistrate and Additional Chief Judicial Magistrate, etc	10
13	Special Judicial Magistrates	11
14	Local jurisdiction of Judicial Magistrates	12
15	Subordination of Judicial Magistrates	13
16	Courts of Metropolitan Magistrates	Not carried into the new law
17	Chief Metropolitan Magistrate and Additional Chief Metropolitan Magistrate	Not carried into the new law
18	Special Metropolitan Magistrates	Not carried into the new law
19	Subordination of Metropolitan Magistrates	Not carried into the new law
20	Executive Magistrates	14
21	Special Executive Magistrates	15
22	Local Jurisdiction of Executive Magistrates	16
23	Subordination of Executive Magistrates	17
24	Public Prosecutors	18
25	Assistant Public prosecutors	19
25A	Directorate of Prosecution	20
26	Courts by which offences are triable	21
27	Jurisdiction in the case of juveniles	Not carried into the new law
28	Sentences which High Courts and Sessions Judges may pass	22
29	Sentences which Magistrates may pass	23
30	Sentence of imprisonment in default of fine	24
31	Sentence in cases of conviction of several offences at one trial	25
32	Mode of conferring powers	26
33	Powers of officers appointed	27
34	Withdrawal of powers	28
35	Powers of Judges and Magistrates exercisable by their successors-in-office	29
36	Powers of superior officers of police	30
37	Public when to assist Magistrates and police	31
38	Aid to person, other than police officer, executing warrant	32
39	Public to give information of certain offences	33
40	Duty of officers employed in connection with the affairs of a village to make certain report	34
41	When police may arrest without warrant	35(1), 35(2)
41A	Notice of appearance before police officer	35(3)
41B	Procedure of arrest and duties of officer making arrest	36
41C	Control room at districts	37
41D	Right of arrested person to meet an advocate of his choice during interrogation	38
42	Arrest on refusal to give name and residence	39
43	Arrest by private person and procedure on such arrest	40
44	Arrest by Magistrate	41
45	Protection of members of the Armed Forces from arrest	42
46	Arrest how made	43, 43(1), 43(2), 43(4), 43(5)
47	Search of place entered by person sought to be arrested	44
48	Pursuit of offenders into other jurisdictions	45
49	No unnecessary restraint	46
50	Person arrested to be informed of grounds of arrest and of right to bail	47
50A	Obligation of person making arrest to inform about the arrest, etc., to a nominated person	48
51	Search of arrested person	49
52	Power to seize offensive weapons	50
53	Examination of accused by medical practitioner at the request of police officer	51, 51(1), 51(2)
53A	Examination of person accused of rape by medical practitioner	52
54	Examination of arrested person by medical officer	53
54A	Identification of person arrested	54
55	Procedure when police officer deputes subordinate to arrest without warrant	55
55A	Health and safety of arrested person	56
56	Person arrested to be taken before Magistrate or officer in charge of police station	57
57	Person arrested not to be detained more than twenty-four hours	58
58	Police to report apprehensions	59
59	Discharge of person apprehended	60
60	Power, on escape, to pursue and retake	61
60A	Arrest to be made strictly according to the Code	62
61	Form of summons	63(ii)
62	Summons how served	64
63	Service of summons on corporate bodies and societies	65(1)(Change)
64	Service when persons summoned cannot be found	66
65	Procedure when service cannot be effected as before provided	67
66	Service on Government servant	68
67	Service of summons outside local limits	69
68	Proof of service in such cases and when serving officer not present	70, 70(1), 70(2)
69	Service of summons on witness by post	71
70	Form of warrant of arrest and duration	72
71	Power to direct security to be taken	73
72	Warrants to whom directed	74
73	Warrant may be directed to any person	75
74	Warrant directed to police officer	76
75	Notification of substance of warrant	77
76	Person arrested to be brought before Court without delay	78
77	Where warrant may be executed	79
78	Warrant forwarded for execution outside jurisdiction	80
79	Warrant directed to police officer for execution outside jurisdiction	81
80	Procedure on arrest of person against whom warrant issued	82(1)
81	Procedure by Magistrate before whom such person arrested is brought	83
82	Proclamation for person absconding	84
83	Attachment of property of person absconding	85
84	Claims and objections to attachment	87
85	Release, sale and restoration of attached property	88
86	Appeal from order rejecting application for restoration of attached property	89
87	Issue of warrant in lieu of, or in addition to, summons	90
88	Power to take bond for appearance	91
89	Arrest on breach of bond for appearance	92
90	Provisions of this Chapter generally applicable to summonses and warrants of arrest	93
91	Summons to produce document or other thing	94
92	Procedure as to letters and telegrams	95
93	When search-warrant may be issued	96
94	Search of place suspected to contain stolen property, forged documents, etc	97
95	Power to declare certain publications forfeited and to issue search-warrants for the same	98
96	Application to High Court to set aside declaration of forfeiture	99
97	Search for persons wrongfully confined	100
98	Power to compel restoration of abducted females	101
99	Direction, etc., of search-warrants	102
100	Persons in charge of closed place to allow search	103
101	Disposal of things found in search beyond jurisdiction	104
102	Power of police officer to seize certain property	106
103	Magistrate may direct search in his presence	108
104	Power to impound document, etc., produced	109
105	Reciprocal arrangements regarding processes	110, 121
105A	Definitions	111
105B	Assistance in securing transfer of persons	114
105C	Assistance in relation to orders of attachment or forfeiture of property	115
105D	Identifying unlawfully acquired property	116
105E	Seizure or attachment of property	117
105F	Management of properties seized or forfeited under this Chapter	118
105G	Notice of forfeiture of property	119
105H	Forfeiture of property in certain cases	120
105I	Fine in lieu of forfeiture	121
105J	Certain transfers to be null and void	122
105K	Procedure in respect of letter of request	123
105L	Application of this Chapter	124
106	Security for keeping the peace on conviction	125
107	Security for keeping the peace in other cases	126
108	Security for good behaviour from persons disseminating seditious matters	127
109	Security for good behaviour from suspected persons	128
110	Security for good behaviour from habitual offenders	129
111	Order to be made	130
112	Procedure in respect of person present in Court	131
113	Summons or warrant in case of person not so present	132
114	Copy of order to accompany summons or warrant	133
115	Power to dispense with personal attendance	134
116	Inquiry as to truth of information	135
117	Order to give security	136
118	Discharge of person informed against	137
119	Commencement of period for which security is required	138
120	Contents of bond	139
121	Power to reject sureties	140
122	Imprisonment in default of security	141
123	Power to release persons imprisoned for failing to give security	142
124	Security for unexpired period of bond	143
125	Order for maintenance of wives, children and parents	144
126	Procedure	145
127	Alteration in allowance	146
128	Enforcement of order of maintenance	147
129	Dispersal of assembly by use of civil force	148
130	Use of armed forces to disperse assembly	149
131	Power of certain armed force officers to disperse assembly	150
132	Protection against prosecution for acts done under preceding sections	151
133	Conditional order for removal of nuisance	152
134	Service or notification of order	153
135	Person to whom order is addressed to obey or show cause	154
136	Consequences of his failing to do so	155
137	Procedure where existence of public right is denied	156
138	Procedure where he appears to show cause	157
139	Power of Magistrate to direct local investigation and examination of an expert	158
140	Power of Magistrate to furnish written instructions, etc	159
141	Procedure on order being made absolute and consequences of disobedience	160
142	Injunction pending inquiry	161
143	Magistrate may prohibit repetition or continuance of public nuisance	162
144	Power to issue order in urgent cases of nuisance or apprehended danger	163
145	Procedure where dispute concerning land or water is likely to cause breach of peace	164
146	Power to attach subject of dispute and to appoint receiver	165
147	Dispute concerning right of use of land or water	166
148	Local inquiry	167
149	Police to prevent cognizable offences	168
150	Information of design to commit cognizable offences	169
151	Arrest to prevent the commission of cognizable offences	170
152	Prevention of injury to public property	171
153	Inspection of weights and measures	Not carried into the new law
154	Information in cognizable cases	173(3)
155	Information as to non-cognizable cases and investigation of such cases	174(1)(ii)
156	Police officer’s power to investigate cognizable case	175(1), 175(2), 175(3)
157	Procedure for investigation	176, 176(1), 176(2)
158	Report how submitted	177
159	Power to hold investigation or preliminary inquiry	178
160	Police officer’s power to require attendance of witnesses	179
161	Examination of witnesses by police	180
162	Statements to police not to be signed: Use of statements in evidence	181
163	No inducement to be offered	182
164	Recording of confessions and statements	183
164A	Medical examination of the victim of rape	184
165	Search by police officer	185
166	When officer in charge of police station may require another to issue search-warrant	186
166A	Letter of request to competent authority for investigation in a country or place outside India	112
166B	Letter of request from a country or place outside India to a Court or an authority for investigation in India	113
167	Procedure when investigation cannot be completed in twenty-four hours	187
168	Report of investigation by subordinate police officer	188
169	Release of accused when evidence deficient	189
170	Cases to be sent to Magistrate, when evidence is sufficient	190
171	Complainant and witnesses not to be required to accompany police officer and not to be subjected to restraint	191
172	Diary of proceedings in investigation	192
173	Report of police officer on completion of investigation	193(8)
174	Police to enquire and report on suicide, etc	194
175	Power to summon persons	195
176	Inquiry by Magistrate into cause of death	196
177	Ordinary place of inquiry and trial	197
178	Place of inquiry or trial	198
179	Offence triable where act is done or consequence ensues	199
180	Place of trial where act is an offence by reason of relation to other offence	200
181	Place of trial in case of certain offences	201
182	Offences committed by letters, etc	202
183	Offence committed on journey or voyage	203
184	Place of trial for offences triable together	204
185	Power to order cases to be tried in different sessions divisions	205
186	High Court to decide, in case of doubt, district where inquiry or trial shall take place	206
187	Power to issue summons or warrant for offence committed beyond local jurisdiction	207
188	Offence committed outside India	208
189	Receipt of evidence relating to offences committed outside India	209
190	Cognizance of offences by Magistrates	210
191	Transfer on application of the accused	211
192	Making over of cases to Magistrates	212
193	Cognizance of offences by Courts of Session	213
194	Additional and Assistant Sessions Judges to try cases made over to them	214
195	Prosecution for contempt of lawful authority of public servants, for offences against public justice and for offences relating to documents given in evidence	215
195A	Procedure for witnesses in case of threatening, etc	216
196	Prosecution for offences against the State and for criminal conspiracy to commit such offence	217
197	Prosecution of Judges and public servants	218
198	Prosecution for offences against marriage	219
198A	Prosecution of offences under section 498A of the Indian Penal Code	220
198B	Cognizance of offence	221
199	Prosecution for defamation	222
200	Examination of complainant	223(1)
201	Procedure by Magistrate not competent to take cognizance of the case	224
202	Postponement of issue of process	225
203	Dismissal of complaint	226
204	Issue of process	227
205	Magistrate may dispense with personal attendance of accused	228
206	Special summons in cases of petty offence	229
207	Supply to the accused of copy of police report and other documents	230
208	Supply of copies of statements and documents to accused in other cases triable by Court of Session	231
209	Commitment of case to Court of Session when offence is triable exclusively by it	232
210	Procedure to be followed when there is a complaint case and police investigation in respect of the same offence	233
211	Contents of charge	234
212	Particulars as to time, place and person	235
213	When manner of committing offence must be stated	236
214	Words in charge taken in sense of law under which offence is punishable	237
215	Effect of errors	238
216	Court may alter charge	239
217	Recall of witnesses when charge altered	240
218	Separate charges for distinct offences	241
219	Three offences of same kind within year may be charged together	242
220	Trial for more than one offence	243
221	Where it is doubtful what offence has been committed	244
222	When offence proved included in offence charged	245
223	What persons may be charged jointly	246
224	Withdrawal of remaining charges on conviction on one of several charges	247
225	Trial to be conducted by Public Prosecutor	248
226	Opening case for prosecution	249
227	Discharge	250(2)
228	Framing of charge	251
229	Conviction on plea of guilty	252
230	Date for prosecution evidence	253
231	Evidence for prosecution	254
232	Acquittal	255
233	Entering upon defence	256
234	Arguments	257
235	Judgment of acquittal or conviction	258
236	Previous conviction	259
237	Procedure in cases instituted under section 199(2)	260
238	Compliance with section 207	261
239	When accused shall be discharged	262
240	Framing of charge	263
241	Conviction on plea of guilty	264
242	Evidence for prosecution	265
243	Evidence for defence	266
244	Evidence for prosecution	267
245	When accused shall be discharged	268
246	Procedure where accused is not discharged	269(7)
247	Evidence for defence	270
248	Acquittal or conviction	271
249	Absence of complainant	272
250	Compensation for accusation without reasonable cause	273
251	Substance of accusation to be stated	274
252	Conviction on plea of guilty	275
253	Conviction on plea of guilty in absence of accused in petty cases	276
254	Procedure when not convicted	277
255	Acquittal or conviction	278
256	Non-appearance or death of complainant	279
257	Withdrawal of complaint	280
258	Power to stop proceedings in certain cases	281
259	Power of Court to convert summons-cases into warrant-cases	282
260	Power to try summarily	283(2), 283(3)
261	Summary trial by Magistrate of the second class	284
262	Procedure for summary trials	285
263	Record in summary trials	286
264	Judgment in cases tried summarily	287
265	Language of record and judgment	288, 297
265A	Application of the Chapter	289
265B	Application for plea bargaining	290
265C	Guidelines for mutually satisfactory disposition	291
265D	Report of the mutually satisfactory disposition to be submitted before the Court	292
265E	Disposal of the case	293
265F	Judgment of the Court	294
265G	Finality of the judgment	295
265H	Power of the Court in plea bargaining	296
265I	Period of detention undergone by the accused to be set off against the sentence of imprisonment	297
265J	Savings	298
265K	Statements of accused not to be used	299
265L	Non-application of the Chapter	300
266	Definitions	301
267	Power to require attendance of prisoners	302
268	Power of State Government to exclude certain persons from operation of section 267	303
269	Officer in charge of prison to abstain from carrying out order in certain contingencies	304
270	Prisoner to be brought to Court in custody	305
271	Power to issue commission for examination of witness in prison	306
272	Language of Courts	307
273	Evidence to be taken in presence of accused	308
274	Record in summons-cases and inquiries	309
275	Record in warrant-cases	310
276	Record in trial before Court of Session	311
277	Language of record of evidence	312
278	Procedure in regard to such evidence when completed	313
279	Interpretation of evidence to accused or his pleader	314
280	Remarks respecting demeanour of witness	315
281	Record of examination of accused	316
282	Interpreter to be bound to interpret truthfully	317
283	Record in High Court	318
284	When attendance of witness may be dispensed with and commission issued	319
285	Commission to whom to be issued	320
286	Execution of commissions	321
287	Parties may examine witnesses	322
288	Return of commission	323
289	Adjournment of proceeding	324
290	Execution of foreign commissions	325
291	Deposition of medical witness	326
291A	Identification report of Magistrate	327
292	Evidence of officers of the Mint	328
293	Reports of certain Government scientific experts	329
294	No formal proof of certain documents	330
295	Affidavit in proof of conduct of public servants	331
296	Evidence of formal character on affidavit	332
297	Authorities before whom affidavits may be sworn	333
298	Previous conviction or acquittal how proved	334
299	Record of evidence in absence of accused	335
300	Person once convicted or acquitted not to be tried for same offence	337
301	Appearance by Public Prosecutors	338
302	Permission to conduct prosecution	339
303	Right of person against whom proceedings are instituted to be defended	340
304	Legal aid to accused at State expense in certain cases	341
305	Procedure when corporation or registered society is an accused	342
306	Tender of pardon to accomplice	343
307	Power to direct tender of pardon	344
308	Trial of person not complying with conditions of pardon	345
309	Power to postpone or adjourn proceedings	346
310	Local inspection	347
311	Power to summon material witness, or examine person present	348
311A	Power of Magistrate to order person to give specimen signatures or handwriting	349
312	Expenses of complainants and witnesses	350
313	Power to examine the accused	351
314	Oral arguments and memorandum of arguments	352
315	Accused person to be competent witness	353
316	No influence to be used to induce disclosure	354
317	Provision for inquiries and trial being held in the absence of accused in certain cases	355
318	Procedure where accused does not understand proceedings	357
319	Power to proceed against other persons appearing to be guilty of offence	358
320	Compounding of offences	359
321	Withdrawal from prosecution	360
322	Procedure in cases which Magistrate cannot dispose of	361
323	Procedure when, after commencement of inquiry or trial, Magistrate finds case should be committed	362
324	Trial of persons previously convicted of offences against coinage, stamp-law or property	363
325	Procedure when Magistrate cannot pass sentence sufficiently severe	364
326	Conviction or commitment on evidence partly recorded by one Magistrate and partly by another	365
327	Court to be open	366
328	Procedure in case of accused being lunatic	367
329	Procedure in case of person of unsound mind tried before Court	368
330	Release of person of unsound mind pending investigation or trial	369
331	Resumption of inquiry or trial	370
332	Procedure on accused appearing before Magistrate or Court	371
333	When accused appears to have been of sound mind	372
334	Judgment of acquittal on ground of unsoundness of mind	373
335	Person acquitted on such ground to be detained in safe custody	374
336	Power of State Government to empower officer-in-charge to discharge	375
337	Procedure where lunatic prisoner is reported capable of making his defence	376
338	Procedure where lunatic detained is declared fit to be released	377
339	Delivery of lunatic to care of relative or friend	378
340	Procedure in cases mentioned in section 195	379
341	Appeal	380
342	Power to order costs	381
343	Procedure of Magistrate taking cognizance	382
344	Summary procedure for trial for giving false evidence	383
345	Procedure in certain cases of contempt	384
346	Procedure where Court considers that case should not be dealt with under section 345	385
347	When Registrar or Sub-Registrar to be deemed a Civil Court	386
348	Discharge of offender on submission of apology	387
349	Imprisonment or committal of person refusing to answer or produce document	388
350	Summary procedure for punishment for non-attendance by a witness in obedience to summons	389
351	Appeals from convictions under sections 344, 345, 349 and 350	390
352	Certain Judges and Magistrates not to try certain offences when committed before themselves	391
353	Judgment	392
354	Language and contents of judgment	393
355	Metropolitan Magistrate's judgment	Not carried into the new law
356	Order for notifying address of previously convicted offender	394
357	Order to pay compensation	395
357A	Victim compensation scheme	396(1)
357B	Compensation to be in addition to fine under section 326A or section 376D of Indian Penal Code	396(7)
357C	Treatment of victims	397
358	Compensation to persons groundlessly arrested	399
359	Order to pay costs in non-cognizable cases	400
360	Order to release on probation of good conduct or after admonition	401
361	Special reasons to be recorded in certain cases	402
362	Court not to alter judgment	403
363	Copy of judgment to be given to the accused and other persons	404
364	Judgment when to be translated	405
365	Court of Session to send copy of finding and sentence to District Magistrate	406
366	Sentence of death to be submitted by Court of Session for confirmation	407
367	Power to direct further inquiry to be made or additional evidence to be taken	408
368	Power of High Court to confirm sentence or annul conviction	409
369	Confirmation or new sentence to be signed by two Judges	410
370	Procedure in case of difference of opinion	411
371	Procedure in cases submitted to High Court for confirmation	412
372	No appeal to lie unless otherwise provided	413
373	Appeal from orders requiring security or refusal to accept or rejecting surety for keeping peace or good behaviour	414
374	Appeals from convictions	415
375	No appeal in certain cases when accused pleads guilty	416
376	No appeal in petty cases	417
377	Appeal by the State Government against sentence	418
378	Appeal in case of acquittal	419
379	Appeal against conviction by High Court in certain cases	420
380	Special right of appeal in certain cases	421
381	Appeal to Court of Session how heard	422
382	Petition of appeal	423
383	Procedure when appellant in jail	424
384	Summary dismissal of appeal	425
385	Procedure for hearing appeals not dismissed summarily	426
386	Powers of the Appellate Court	427
387	Judgments of Subordinate Appellate Court	428
388	Order of High Court on appeal to be certified to lower Court	429
389	Suspension of sentence pending the appeal; release of appellant on bail	430
390	Arrest of accused in appeal from acquittal	431
391	Appellate Court may take further evidence or direct it to be taken	432
392	Procedure where Judges of Court of Appeal are equally divided	433
393	Finality of judgments and orders on appeal	434
394	Abatement of appeals	435
395	Reference to High Court	436
396	Disposal of case according to decision of High Court	437
397	Calling for records to exercise powers of revision	438
398	Power to order inquiry	439
399	Sessions Judge's powers of revision	440
400	Power of Additional Sessions Judge	441
401	High Court's powers of revision	442
402	Power of High Court to withdraw or transfer revision cases	443
403	Option of Court to hear parties	444
404	Statement by Metropolitan Magistrate of grounds of his decision to be considered by High Court	Not carried into the new law
405	High Court's order to be certified to lower Court	445
406	Power of Supreme Court to transfer cases and appeals	446
407	Power of High Court to transfer cases and appeals	447
408	Power of Sessions Judge to transfer cases and appeals	448
409	Withdrawal of cases and appeals by Session Judge	449
410	Withdrawal of cases by Judicial Magistrate	450
411	Making over or withdrawal of cases by Executive Magistrates	451
412	Reasons to be recorded	452
413	Execution of order passed under section 368	453
414	Execution of sentence of death passed by High Court	454
415	Postponement of execution of sentence of death in case of appeal to Supreme Court	455
416	Postponement of capital sentence on pregnant woman	456
417	Power to appoint place of imprisonment	457
418	Execution of sentence of imprisonment	458
419	Direction of warrant for execution	459
420	Warrant with whom to be lodged	460
421	Warrant for levy of fine	461
422	Effect of such warrant	462
423	Warrant for levy of fine issued by a Court in any territory to which this Code does not extend	463
424	Suspension of execution of sentence of imprisonment	464
425	Who may issue warrant	465
426	Sentence on escaped convict when to take effect	466
427	Sentence on offender already sentenced for another offence	467
428	Period of detention undergone by the accused to be set off against the sentence of imprisonment	468
429	Saving	469
430	Return of warrant on execution of sentence	470
431	Money ordered to be paid recoverable as a fine	471
432	Power to suspend or remit sentences	473
433	Power to commute sentence	474(d)
433A	Restriction on powers of remission or commutation in certain cases	475
434	Concurrent power of Central Government in case of death sentences	476
435	State Government to act after consultation with Central Government in certain cases	477
436	In what cases bail to be taken	478
436A	Maximum period for which an undertrial prisoner can be detained	479(3)
437	When bail may be taken in case of non-bailable offence	480
437A	Bail to require accused to appear before next appellate Court	481
438	Direction for grant of bail to person apprehending arrest	482
439	Special powers of High Court or Court of Session regarding bail	483
440	Amount of bond and reduction thereof	484
441	Bond of accused and sureties	485
441A	Declaration by sureties	486
442	Discharge from custody	487
443	Power to order sufficient bail when that first taken is insufficient	488
444	Discharge of sureties	489
445	Deposit instead of recognizance	490
446	Procedure when bond has been forfeited	491
446A	Cancellation of bond and bail bond	492
447	Procedure in case of insolvency of death of surety or when a bond is forfeited	493
448	Bond required from minor	494
449	Appeal from orders under section 446	495
450	Power to direct levy of amount due on certain recognizances	496
451	Order for custody and disposal of property pending trial in certain cases	497
452	Order for disposal of property at conclusion of trial	498
453	Payment to innocent purchaser of money found on accused	499
454	Appeal against orders under section 452 or section 453	500
455	Destruction of libellous and other matter	501
456	Power to restore possession of immovable property	502
457	Procedure by police upon seizure of property	503
458	Procedure where no claimant appears within six months	504
459	Power to sell perishable property	505
460	Irregularities which do not vitiate proceedings	506
461	Irregularities which vitiate proceedings	507
462	Proceedings in wrong place	508
463	Non-compliance with provisions of section 164 or section 281	509
464	Effect of omission to frame, or absence of, or error in, charge	510
465	Finding or sentence when reversible by reason of error, omission or irregularity	511
466	Defect or error not to make attachment unlawful	512
467	Definitions	513
468	Bar to taking cognizance after lapse of the period of limitation	514
469	Commencement of the period of limitation	515
470	Exclusion of time in certain cases	516
471	Exclusion of date on which Court is closed	517
472	Continuing offence	518
473	Extension of period of limitation in certain cases	519
474	Trials before High Courts	520
475	Delivery to commanding officers of persons liable to be tried by Court-martial	521
476	Forms	522
477	Power of High Court to make rules	523
478	Power to alter functions allocated to Executive Magistrate in certain cases	524
479	Case in which Judge or Magistrate is personally interested	525
480	Practising pleader not to sit as Magistrate in certain Courts	526
481	Public servant concerned in sale not to purchase or bid for property	527
482	Saving of inherent powers of High Court	528
483	Duty of High Court to exercise continuous superintendence over Courts of Judicial Magistrates	529
484	Repeal and savings	531

Evidence Act to BSA · 185 sections

Evidence Act	Heading	BSA
1	Short title	1
2	Repeal of enactments	Omitted before repeal
3	Interpretation-clause	2
4	“May presume.”	2(1)(b), 2(1)(h), 2(1)(l)
5	Evidence may be given of facts in issue and relevant facts	3
6	Relevancy of facts forming part of same transaction	4
7	Facts which are the occasion, cause or effect of facts in issue	5
8	Motive, preparation and previous or subsequent conduct	6
9	Facts necessary to explain or introduce relevant facts	7
10	Things said or done by conspirator in reference to common design	8
11	When facts not otherwise relevant become relevant	9
12	In suits for damages, facts tending to enable Court to determine amount are relevant	10
13	Facts relevant when right or custom is in question	11
14	Facts showing existence of state of mind, or of body of bodily feeling	12
15	Facts bearing on question whether act was accidental or intentional	13
16	Existence of course of business when relevant	14
17	Admission defined	15
18	Admission by party to proceeding or his agent;	16
19	Admissions by persons whose position must be proved as against party to suit	17
20	Admissions by persons expressly referred to by party to suit	18
21	Proof of admissions against persons making them, and by or on their behalf	19
22	When oral admissions as to contents of documents are relevant	20
22A	When oral admission as to contents of electronic records are relevant	Not carried into the new law
23	Admissions in civil cases when relevant	21
24	Confession caused by inducement, threat or promise, when irrelevant in criminal proceeding	22
25	Confession to police-officer not to be proved	23(1)
26	Confession by accused while in custody of police not to be proved against him	23(2)
27	How much of information received from accused may be proved	23
28	Confession made after removal of impression caused by inducement, threat or promise, relevant	22
29	Confession otherwise relevant not to become irrelevant because of promise of secrecy, etc	22
30	Consideration of proved confession affecting person making it and others jointly under trial for same offence	24
31	Admissions not conclusive proof, but may estop	25
32	Cases in which statement of relevant fact by person who is dead or cannot be found, etc., is relevant	26
33	Relevancy of certain evidence for proving, in subsequent proceeding, the truth of facts therein stated	27
34	Entries in books of account when relevant	28
35	Relevancy of entry in public record made in performance of duty	29
36	Relevancy of statements in maps, charts and plans	30
37	Relevancy of statement as to fact of public nature contained in certain Acts or notifications	31
38	Relevancy of statements as to any law contained in law-books	32
39	What evidence to be given when statement forms part of a conversation, document, electronic record, book or series of letters or papers	33
40	Previous judgments relevant to bar a second suit or trial	34
41	Relevancy of certain judgments in probate, etc., jurisdiction	35
42	Relevancy and effect of judgments, orders or decrees, other than those mentioned in section 41	36
43	Judgments, etc., other than those mentioned in sections 40 to 42, when relevant	37
44	Fraud or collusion in obtaining judgment, or incompetency of Court, may be proved	38
45	Opinions of experts	39(1)
45A	Opinion of Examiner of Electronic Evidence	39(2)
46	Facts bearing upon opinions of experts	40
47	Opinion as to hand-writing, when relevant	41(1)
47A	Opinion as to [electronic signature], when relevant	41(2)
48	Opinion as to existence of right or custom, when relevant	42
49	Opinion as to usages, tenets, etc., when relevant	43
50	Opinion on relationship, when relevant	44
51	Grounds of opinion, when relevant	45
52	In civil cases character to prove conduct imputed, irrelevant	46
53	In criminal cases previous good character relevant	47
53A	Evidence of character or previous sexual experience not relevant in certain cases	48
54	Previous bad character not relevant, except in reply	49
55	Character as affecting damages	50
56	Fact judicially noticeable need not be proved	51
57	Facts of which Court must take judicial notice	52
58	Facts admitted need not be proved	53
59	Proof of facts by oral evidence	54
60	Oral evidence must be direct	55
61	Proof of contents of documents	56
62	Primary evidence	57
63	Secondary evidence	58
64	Proof of documents by primary evidence	59
65	Cases in which secondary evidence relating to documents may be given	60
65A	Special provisions as to evidence relating to electronic record	62
65B	Admissibility of electronic records	63
66	Rules as to notice to produce	64
67	Proof of signature and handwriting of person alleged to have signed or written document produced	65
67A	Proof as to [electronic signature]	66
68	Proof of execution of document required by law to be attested	67
69	Proof where no attesting witness found	68
70	Admission of execution by party to attested document	69
71	Proof when attesting witness denies the execution	70
72	Proof of document not required by law to be attested	71
73	Comparison of signature, writing or seal with others admitted or proved	72
73A	Proof as to verification of digital signature	73
74	Public documents	74(1)
75	Private documents	74(2)
76	Certified copies of public documents	75
77	Proof of documents by production of certified copies	76
78	Proof of other official documents	77
79	Presumption as to genuineness of certified copies	78
80	Presumption as to documents produced as record of evidence	79
81	Presumption as to Gazettes, newspapers, private Acts of Parliament and other documents	80
81A	Presumption as to Gazettes in electronic forms	81
82	Presumption as to document admissible in England without proof of seal or signature	Not carried into the new law
83	Presumption as to maps or plans made by authority of Government	82
84	Presumption as to collections of laws and reports of decisions	83
85	Presumption as to powers-of-attorney	84
85A	Presumption as to electronic agreements	85
85B	Presumption as to electronic records and [electronic signatures]	86
85C	Presumption as to [Electronic Signature Certificates]	87
86	Presumption as to certified copies of foreign judicial records	88
87	Presumption as to books, maps and charts	89
88	Presumption as to telegraphic messages	Not carried into the new law
88A	Presumption as to electronic messages	90
89	Presumption as to due execution, etc., of documents not produced	91
90	Presumption as to documents thirty years old	92
90A	Presumption as to electronic records five years old	93
91	Evidence of terms of contracts, grants and other dispositions of property reduced to form of document	94
92	Exclusion of evidence of oral agreement	95
93	Exclusion of evidence to explain or amend ambiguous document	96
94	Exclusion of evidence against application of document to existing facts	97
95	Evidence as to document unmeaning reference to existing facts	98
96	Evidence as to application of language which can apply to one only of several persons	99
97	Evidence as to application of language to one of two sets of facts, to neither of which the whole correctly applies	100
98	Evidence as to meaning of illegible characters, etc	101
99	Who may give evidence of agreement varying terms of document	102
100	Saving of provisions of Indian Succession Act relating to wills	103
101	Burden of proof	104
102	On whom burden of proof lies	105
103	Burden of proof as to particular fact	106
104	Burden of proving fact to be proved to make evidence admissible	107
105	Burden of proving that case of accused comes within exceptions	108
106	Burden of proving fact especially within knowledge	109
107	Burden of proving death of person known to have been alive within thirty years	110
108	Burden of proving that person is alive who has not been heard of for seven years	111
109	Burden of proof as to relationship in the cases of partners, landlord and tenant, principal and agent	112
110	Burden of proof as to ownership	113
111	Proof of good faith in transactions where one party is in relation of active confidence	114
111A	Presumption as to certain offences	115
112	Birth during marriage, conclusive proof of legitimacy	116
113	Proof of cession of territory	Not carried into the new law
113A	Presumption as to abetment of suicide by a married woman	117
113B	Presumption as to dowry death	118
114	Court may presume existence of certain facts	119
114A	Presumption as to absence of consent in certain prosecution for rape	120
115	Estoppel	121
116	Estoppel of tenant; and of licensee of person in possession	122
117	Estoppel of acceptor of bill of exchange, bailee or licensee	123
118	Who may testify	124
119	Witness unable to communicate verbally	125
120	Parties to civil suit, and their wives or husbands. Husband or wife of person under criminal trial	126
121	Judges and Magistrates	127
122	Communications during marriage	128
123	Evidence as to affairs of State	129
124	Official communications	130
125	Information as to commission of offences	131
126	Professional communications	132(1)
127	Section 126 to apply to interpreters, etc	132(3)
128	Privilege not waived by volunteering evidence	133
129	Confidential communications with legal advisers	134
130	Production of title-deeds of witness not a party	135
131	Production of documents or electronic records which another person, having possession, could refuse to produce	136
132	Witness not excused from answering on ground that answer will criminate	137
133	Accomplice	138
134	Number of witnesses	139
135	Order of production and examination of witnesses	140
136	Judge to decide as to admissibility of evidence	141
137	Examination-in-chief	142
138	Order of examinations	143
139	Cross-examination of person called to produce a document	144
140	Witnesses to character	145
141	Leading questions	146(1)
142	When they must not be asked	146(2)
143	When they may be asked	146(4)
144	Evidence as to matters in writing	147
145	Cross-examination as to previous statements in writing	148
146	Questions lawful in cross-examination	149
147	When witness to be compelled to answer	150
148	Court to decide when question shall be asked and when witness compelled to answer	151
149	Question not to be asked without reasonable grounds	152
150	Procedure of Court in case of question being asked without reasonable grounds	153
151	Indecent and scandalous questions	154
152	Questions intended to insult or annoy	155
153	Exclusion of evidence to contradict answers to questions testing veracity	156
154	Question by party to his own witness	157
155	Impeaching credit of witness	158
156	Questions tending to corroborate evidence of relevant fact, admissible	159
157	Former statements of witness may be proved to corroborate later testimony as to same fact	160
158	What matters may be proved in connection with proved statement relevant under section 32 or 33	161
159	Refreshing memory	162
160	Testimony to facts stated in document mentioned in section 159	163
161	Right of adverse party as to writing used to refresh memory	164
162	Production of documents	165
163	Giving, as evidence, of document called for and produced on notice	166
164	Using, as evidence, of document production of which was refused on notice	167
165	Judge’s power to put questions or order production	168
166	Power of jury or assessors to put questions	Not carried into the new law
167	No new trial for improper admission or rejection of evidence	169

Questions

From when do the BNS, BNSS and BSA apply?

The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita and the Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam came into force on 1 July 2024, replacing the Indian Penal Code, the Code of Criminal Procedure and the Indian Evidence Act.

Where do these correspondences come from?

From the correspondence tables published with the new laws (the NCRB tables), the same ones shown on each section page of our Bare Acts library. Where that table has no row, the official comparison tables of the Bureau of Police Research and Development and the Allahabad High Court fill the gap, and a section repealed before 2023 is shown with the repeal note from the India Code text of the old code. Where a provision has no counterpart, the converter says so instead of guessing.

Why does one old section map to more than one new section?

Several old provisions were split or merged. IPC 302, for example, is now BNS 103(1), while murder by a group of five or more on grounds such as caste or community is a separate provision, BNS 103(2). Open both sections and read the text before relying on a number.

What do "Not carried into the new law" and "Repealed before 2023" mean?

"Not carried into the new law" means the section was still in the old code on 30 June 2024 and the new Sanhita has no counterpart, such as IPC 309 (attempt to commit suicide). "Repealed before 2023" (or "Omitted before repeal") means an earlier law had already taken the section out of the old code, so no correspondence table lists it: IPC 161 to 165A, for example, were repealed by section 31 of the Prevention of Corruption Act, 1988, and IPC 16 by an Adaptation Order of 1937.

Do the old sections still matter?

Yes. Offences committed and proceedings pending before 1 July 2024 can still be governed by the old codes, judgments and past papers refer to them, and exams often ask for the matching new section.

Revising the new numbers

A guide to learning the BNS without mixing it up with the IPC

BNS practice questions

Test yourself on the new sections

Landmark judgments

Cases on these provisions, with the sections they rest on